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The data, together with the data from the same study measuring pyruvate levels described above, indicate that fasting increased the fumarate/pyruvate, and so also likely increased the malate/pyruvate, indicative of the [NADPH]/[NADP + ], in the spinal cord and several brain regions, including the hippocampus, brainstem, olfactory bulb, and potentially to a smaller extent in the cortex, while potentially decreasing in the hypothalamus (Shao et al., 2023)

Nature 352 , 7073 (1991)

The paramagnetic probe, S-(1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethyl-2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methyl methanesulfonothioate (MTSL), was used to label the cysteine residue 46 of p53 TAD 67 , where 300 M MTSL-labeled p53 TAD was added to 150 M 15 N-labeled FOXO4 FHD

This structure underpins GHK-Cus efficacy in skin regeneration and hair growth