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Cobalt is also taken up as vitamin B12 (also known as cobalamin, a coordination complex of cobalt) via the transcobalamin receptor

Last year, for example, American researchers demonstrated that alpha lipoic acid (ALA) supplementation in older racehorses reduced the oxidative stress burden even under light training loads (4) , while a number of other animal studies have shown that acetyl L-carnitine (ALC)/ALA supplementation reduces oxidative stress and improves mitochondrial function in a number of tissues, including brain, muscle and heart

Michael Tamber, MD on February 10, 2022

however, this appears to be a dose-dependent effect