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Phosphorylation by protein kinase C, protein kinase A, and a mitogen-activated protein kinase

Most peptides degrade in the digestive system, making injectable administration standard

30 caps, 500mcg each

Published Research Data Quantified findings from peer-reviewed studies on SS-31 (Elamipretide) amino acid residues in the SS-31 tetrapeptide sequence concentration enrichment of SS-31 in mitochondria vs cytoplasm Zhao et al., Cell Death Dis 2004 verified purity by HPLC analysis in every Stemcode batch Published Research Studies on SS-31 (Elamipretide) 2014 Mitochondria-targeted peptide accelerates ATP recovery and reduces ischemic kidney injury J Am Soc Nephrol 2006 Cell-permeable, mitochondrial-targeted, peptide antioxidants AAPS J Characterization of SS-31's selective targeting of the inner mitochondrial membrane and cardiolipin-dependent mechanisms of action