glutathione system mechanism antioxidant system. a Schematics for the reduction of The Role of Glutathione Metabolism

J Affect Disord (2012) 141:40614.10.1016/j.jad.2012.03.009 7 PerlisRHOstacherMJPatelJKMarangellLBZhangHWisniewskiSRet alPredictors of recurrence in bipolar disorder: primary outcomes from the systematic treatment enhancement program for bipolar disorder (STEP-BD)

4.7 Sulfur-containing amino acids Metabolic pathways related to sulfur-containing amino acids, represented mainly by methionine (Met), cysteine (Cys), and their derivatives such as taurine (Tau), can respectively connect methyl donor cycling and redox homeostasis regulation: Met affects methylation capacity through SAM generation, Cys participates in redox balance and signaling regulation through GSH/H 2 S, and Tau is associated with antioxidation and mitochondrial homeostasis ( Sulfur-containing amino acid-related metabolic pathways, mainly including methionine, cysteine, and taurine, are characterized in macrophage polarization by the intersecting properties of methyl donor cycling-transsulfuration-redox homeostasis. Methionine (Met) not only serves as a substrate for protein synthesis within cells, but also generates SAM through the methionine cycle

Data Availability Statement Data availability is not applicable to this review as no new data were created or analyzed in this study

they are regulatory molecules required for vascular integrity, tissue repair, and cellular recovery