glutathione s-transferase pi gstp gsh Frontiers The role of glutathione S-transferases

Cuproptosis Cuproptosis, a programmed cell death induced by copper ions and characterized by intracellular copper imbalance, oxidative stress, and cytoskeletal damage, involves FDX1 as a key regulatory factor

This approach is localized, minimizing damage to healthy tissue

However, it has intolerable side-effects that limit its use, motivating the discovery of alternative therapeutics

For example, peptides encompassing the apoE receptor binding region (amino acids 130150) have been shown to reduce microglial immunoreactivity in vitro [196], and improve survival in mouse models of traumatic brain injury [197, 198] and AD [199]