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Disruptions in the intrinsic factor (IF) pathway, including impaired IF production due to autoimmune conditions (pernicious anemia), damage to the ileum from diseases like Crohns or celiac disease, or surgical resection of the ileum, can severely impair B12 absorption

However, the assessment of depression in clients with PD is complicated by the fact that some symptoms of PD overlap with those of depression, such as masklike facies, insomnia, psychomotor slowing, difficulty concentrating, and fatigue (Hauser & Benbadis, 2020)

Bioorg Med Chem Lett

Sequence: Tyr-Leu-Arg-Ile-Val-Gln-Cys-Arg-Ser-Val-Glu-Gly-Ser-Cys-Gly-Phe (with disulfide bridge)