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Under Mg deficiency, impaired photosynthetic electron transport and ATP synthesis lead to ROS accumulation, triggering oxidative stress and activating transcription factors such as WRKY and NAC (Huang et al., 2024)

In conclusion, a recommendation for NAC use for NUD cannot be made at this time, as further research is required

Autoimmune diseases tend to have long, asymptomatic prodromal periods and the initiating events leading to loss of self tolerance occur long before the disease becomes clinically manifest.(7) Autoimmunity in general, takes place in several stages: The first stage is called silent autoimmunity and is characterized by the onset of loss of immune self-tolerance without any loss of self-tissue

Acylcarnitines have many important functions including the control of several mitochondrial enzymes activity