glutathione hexose monophosphate shunt PDF] in rat lens: stimulation by vitamin C Oxidative part of the hexose

Access this article Similar content being viewed by others Abbreviations A-42: Beta amyloid-(1-42) is a major component of cerebrovascular amyloid deposits AKT, PKB: Protein kinase B, commonly referred to as Akt AP-1: Activated protein-1 APC: Anaphase promoting complex ATR: Ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein A: Amyloid-beta AYUSH: Ayurveda, Yoga, Unani, Siddha, Homeopathy BCL-2: B-cell lymphoma-2, a gene belonging to the group of Bcl family BCL-XL: A Bcl gene variant BDNF: Brain development neurotrophic factor, a key in learning and memory BT: Body temperature CDC 2: Cell division cycle 2 CDC 20: Cell division cycle 20 CDK: Cyclin-dependent kinases C-JUN: A protein encoded by the JUN gene, an early transcription factor COX-2: Cyclooxygenase-2 DB: Double-blind DR-4, 6: Death receptor IL: Interleukin is a type of cytokine IFN-: Interferon gamma MAPK/ERK: Also known as Ras-Raf-MEK-ERK pathway MMP-1: Matrix metalloproteinase-1 MTOR: Mammalian target of rapamycin, a central regulator NF-B: Nuclear factor-kappa B is n inducible transcription factor P21: Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, primarily inhibiting CDK2 and CDK1 P53: Tumor protein- p53 PC: Placebo control R: Randomized RDRP: RNA-dependent RNA polymerase PPAR-: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors STAT 3: Signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 TH-1: T helper type-1 plays a specific role in immune response TNF-: Tumour necrosis factor WNT: Wingless-related integration site References Ahmad, R.S., Hussain, M.B., Sultan, M.B., Sajid, M.B., Waheed, M., Shariati, M.A., Plygun, S., Hashempur, M.H.: Biochemistry, safety, pharmacological activities and clinical applications of turmeric: a mechanistic review

Here only those pathways are mentioned that are based on a modification of signaling proteins through the modification of one amino acid, cysteine

Lifestyle Factors Smoking, alcohol consumption, and high levels of sun exposure all increase oxidative stress

Modulates Neuroinflammation Chronic inflammation worsens neurodegeneration