l carnitine side effects fishy odor trimethylamine tma Revisiting the Role of in Heart Disease Through the Lens of the Gut Microbiota Frontiers | Targeting Trimethylamine N-Oxide:
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(1988): Action of L-acetylcarnitine on age-dependent modifications of mitochondrial membrane proteins from rat cerebellum
(2012): Role of supplementary L-carnitine in exercise and exercise recovery
The promotion of renal-related inflammatory mechanisms occurs through TMAO activating NLRP3 inflammasomes and NF-B signal transduction, with NF-B playing a role in the DKD process by promoting vascular inflammation and oxidative stress, becoming a potential pathogenic mechanism in DKD (Huang et al., 2023) (Figure 10A)
doi: 10.1016/j.jclinepi.2011.01.011
