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Many forms of bacterial contamination are not visible to the naked eye

Key markers include fasting glucose and insulin (to assess insulin sensitivity), HbA1c (long-term glucose regulation), lipid panel (triglycerides, HDL, LDL), resting metabolic rate via indirect calorimetry, and body composition via DEXA scan (to differentiate fat loss from lean mass changes)

doi: 10.1038/nature08984

Overall, this trial was designed to precisely determine the dose-response relationship, efficacy, and safety of Cagrilintide compared with placebo and liraglutide, while employing advanced statistical methods to ensure reliable interpretation of treatment effects under both ideal and real-world adherence conditions