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Reduction in complex I activity in the SNpc of patients with sporadic PD has been well described ( As such, complex I inhibitors like 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) or rotenone show preferential cytotoxicity to the DA neurons ( Other evidence for mitochondrial dysfunction related to oxidative stress and DA cell damage comes from findings that mutations in genes of proteins like -syn, parkin, DJ-1, or PINK are linked to familial forms of PD

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Wahls introduces three levels in her approach to nutrition level one (mainstream), level two (Wahls Paleo), and level three (ketogenic)