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Excessive NETs and neutrophil-derived enzymes such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) and neutrophil elastase (NE) perpetuate cytokine release and aberrant macrophage polarization, sustaining chronic inflammation 55

G.UeharaM.KurashigeA

Agaricus blazei Peck ( Agaricus subrufescens , Agaricus brasiliensis ) The impact of ethanol extract on keratinocyte cell viability was evaluated, utilizing this cell line as a validated in vitro model for assessing the safety of cosmeceutical ingredients

As illustrated in Figure 1 , ferroptosis-derived signals such as lipid peroxides (e.g., MDA and 4-HNE) and DAMPs (e.g., HMGB1, IL-33) activate immune cells, including M1 macrophages and Th17 cells