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Botox used to treat Bells Palsy symptoms is for functional purposes, not to be confused with the many cosmetic uses for Botox

Studies focused exclusively on non-musculoskeletal indications without clear translational relevance were excluded

This typically involves: Intrinsic factor antibodies (highly specific for pernicious anaemia, though sensitivity is only 50%) [12] [28] Gastric parietal cell antibodies (more sensitive but less specific) Coeliac serology if malabsorption is suspected Consideration of upper gastrointestinal endoscopy in selected cases, particularly with autoimmune gastritis/pernicious anaemia NICE guidance emphasises that treatment should not be delayed whilst awaiting antibody results if clinical features strongly suggest deficiency, as irreversible neurological damage can occur

[11] [12] How B12 Deficiency Affects the Nervous System Vitamin B12 plays essential roles in neurological health through several interconnected biochemical pathways