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Methylmalonic acid and homocysteine testing provide functional assessment of b12 status
While this review emphasizes BAs, other gut microbiota-derived metabolites (e.g., inosine, short-chain fatty acids) also regulate CD8 + T cells through distinct pathways (63, 65, 66)
doi:10.7759/cureus.10276
Impaired fusion can result in fragmented mitochondria, mitochondrial dysfunction, and increased susceptibility to stress, leading to enhanced inflammatory responses
