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doi: 10.1016/j.iji d.2025.108142 Caitlin Menello , Shaney Pressley , Madeline Steffensen , Sarah Schmidt , Helio Pedro , Reena Jethva , Karen Valdez-Gonzalez , Darius J Adams , Punita Gupta , Lorien Tambini King , Milen Velinov , Sharon Anderson , Peyman Bizargity , Beth Pletcher , Allysa Tuite , Christina Kresge , Debra Lynn Day-Salvatore , Ryan Kuehl , Can Ficicioglu

Hewitson TD, Bisucci T, Darby IA

The improvement in reproductive antioxidant defense systems may be due to the increase in reduced glutathione concentration and activities of glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and SOD enzymes (28, 61, 62), which protect the reproductive organs' defense systems against ROS attacks

Mutations of OCTN2, an organic cation/carnitine transporter, lead to a deficient cellular carnitine uptake in primary carnitine deficiency