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Sources: [1] Alan R

The positive correlation between TMAO and markers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in HF supports the notion that, beyond the traditional gut hypothesis of HF, additional mechanisms by which GMB alterations affect cardiac function and prognosis exist

L-Carnitine and Acetyl L-Carnitine: when and how supplement them

2017 meta-analysis: A meta-analysis of 17 clinical trials including 1,625 adults with chronic heart failure found that 16 g/day L-carnitine supplements for 7 days to 3 years improved left ventricular ejection fraction by 4.14%, stroke volume by 8.21 mL, and cardiac output by 0.88 L/min compared to routine treatment