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Thereafter, in HG-induced human retinal capillary endothelial cells (HRCEC), it was found that increased expression of Drp1, decreased expression of MFN2, increased mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS), and activation of NLRP3 inflammatory vesicles, and decreased protein expression of PINK1, Parkin, and VDAC1, whereas overexpression of VDAC1 could promote PINK1 expression and inhibit the activation of NLRP3, thus it was concluded that VDAC1 may be a potential target for the prevention and treatment of DR [161]

Out of the three branched amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine) present in proteins, only leucine was present with a concentration of 13.57 mg/100 g (2.15%)

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Paul W, Nesamony J, Sharma CP