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For a shoulder injury, this means repair cells arrive at the damaged tendon or capsule faster and in greater numbers

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4.5 Mitophagy and diabetes complications Diabetes mellitus is a type of metabolic disease caused by abnormal lipid metabolism or insulin dysfunction, and persistent chronic elevation of blood glucose and long-term metabolic disorders can damage tissues and organs throughout the body, leading to complications such as diabetic kidney disease (DKD), diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), and diabetic muscle atrophy ( In vivo experiments further confirmed that PAA significantly reduced blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and proteinuria levels in STZ-induced DKD mice, inhibited the expression of IL-1 and TNF- in renal tissues, significantly increased the levels of LC3 and ATG5 proteins, and downregulated the levels of marker proteins such as p62 and FUNDC1, suggesting that PAA can improve renal dysfunction in DKD mice by downregulating FUNDC1 activation of mitophagy ( Studies have demonstrated that enhanced mitophagy can improve EC dysfunction and OS and alleviate the complications of diabetes