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doi: 10.1186/s12870-019-1674-5

MTT assay conducted on HepG2 cells along with illumination of 50 M of ZnPc-(PEG) 5 :Ac-CD:DOY led to only 2.1% survival rate of the cells

At the same time, microorganisms usually produce various secondary metabolites during fermentation and metabolism, and these metabolites may include compounds with specific odors, such as aromatic volatile acids, esters, and phenolic compounds, which can directly affect the odor of silage, as has been shown in the analysis of the metabolite synthesis of corn silage by Su et al

In the initiation stage of ferroptosis, long-chain fatty acid CoA ligase 4 (ACSL4) catalyzes the binding of PUFAs (such as arachidonic acid AA and adrenic acid AdA) to CoA via thioester bonds to form activated fatty acyl-CoA derivatives ( + ) to catalytically active Fe + through the NADPH-dependent electron transport system, continuously driving the Fenton reaction and accelerating the generation of hydroxyl radicals (OH), thus forming a self-reinforcing cycle of lipid peroxidation and ROS production ( 2.3 Dual defense network of the antioxidant system Cells have constructed a dynamic protective system against ferroptosis, which consists of an enzymatic defense system with the glutathione (GSH)-glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) axis as the core and a multi-layered antioxidant network independent of GPX4