mechanism for the several activities of the glutathione s-transferases transferases as mediators signaling pathways involved in cell proliferation and cell death Overexpression of Glutathione S-Transferases in

Low GSH levels inhibit interleukin-2 production, which induces lymphocyte proliferation (Chang et al., 1999

In this model, iodine deficiency and Se deficiency exacerbate H2O2 accumulation, Se deficiency decreases cellular defense, promotes thyroid cell fibrosis, increases the inflammatory response following thyroid cell necrosis, and thiocyanate overload triggers follicular cell necrosis

Subsequently, further studies revealed that erastin reduced GSH levels by directly inhibiting Systems Xc (Fig

[139] have demonstrated increased levels of free cytosolic zinc in response to a higher level of Zip-4 in mice, whereas Liu et al