low glutathione and gad antibodies antibody-spectrum disorders: progress in clinical phenotypes, immunopathogenesis therapeutic interventions Improving clinical utility of GAD65
Description
Osteoimmunology: shared mechanisms and crosstalk between the immune and bone systems
Redox Biol 2016
These include reactive oxygen species (ROS), inflammatory cytokines (e.g., IL-1 can upregulate HIF-1 expression in chondrocytes (Zeng et al., 2022), and bacterial components such as lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can enhance HIF-1 transcription in pulpitis via the NF-B and MAPK signaling pathways (Shao et al., 2025)
& Dong, S
