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Follow all pre-test preparation guidelines carefully, as improper preparation or sample handling can affect accuracy

However, emerging data suggest that HTPs still cause oxidative stress and vascular injury similar to traditional cigarettes

There is a clear public health implication here, said senior author Val Curran, a professor at UCLs Clinical Psychopharmacology Unit

43 A 2023 systematic review of qualitative research exploring how peer influence on adolescent smoking varies according to the tobacco control context, found that social dynamics of adolescent smoking evolve with broader cultural and policy shifts