glutathione s transferase oxidative stress Metabolism in Plants under Stress: Beyond Reactive Oxygen Species Detoxification Schematic diagram showing the cascade

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These formulations exhibit enhanced therapeutic efficacy due to increased residence time and improved drug delivery within the nasal cavity (Altunta and Yener, 2017)

Modes of action against cancer cells including: inducing apoptosis by cytochrome c release, direct cell membrane lysis (necrosis), inhibiting angiogenesis, inducing autophagy-mediated cell death and immune cell regulation

In Alzheimer's disease, diminished tau lactylation suppresses ferritinophagy, resulting in iron accumulation and altered susceptibility to ferroptosis, highlighting the complex interplay among lactate metabolism, autophagy and iron homeostasis (119)