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These effects are associated with its ability to reduce ROS, suppress neuronal (nNOS) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression, and increase intracellular glutathione levels, thereby enhancing redox homeostasis [126]

Jamnik T, Flasch M, Braun D et al (2022) Next-generation biomonitoring of the early-life chemical exposome in neonatal and infant development

The transcription and expression of the antioxidant protein glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), as well as mitochondrial function-associated proteins ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A), ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase core protein 2 (UQCRC2), and cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (MTCO1), were also restored following irisin treatment (Fig

The over-expression of bax accelerates apoptosis, while the bcl2 inhibits apoptosis 74,75