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In addition to commonly used iron chelating therapy, regulating hepcidin levels may also help alleviate iron overload in -thalassemia patients, due to their typically low hepcidin levels

Ligand-mediated protein degradation reveals functional conservation among sequence variants of the CUL4-type E3 ligase substrate receptor cereblon

Abnormalities in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC), combined with impaired antioxidant defenses, lead to excessive accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which damage lipids, proteins, and mitochondrial DNA, ultimately promoting tubular apoptosis, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis (26, 27)

doi: 10.1186/s12879-021-06681-9
